Iran Petroleum

  Paraffin Wax Paraffin Wax ( Petroleum Wax ) is a soft colorless solid substance derived from petroleum, coal or shale oil, which consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules between twenty and forty carbon atoms. What is solid paraffin? In fact, paraffin found in solid form is called paraffin wax , petroleum wax or solid paraffin . This substance is a white or colorless soft wax, which is extracted from oil, coal or oil rocks and is composed of saturated hydrocarbon molecules between twenty and forty carbon atoms. It is solid at room temperature and starts to melt above 37°C (99°F). Its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). Solid paraffin is colorless, tasteless and odorless. Paraffin has a low melting point. The color of paraffin wax varies depending on the amount of oil and its transparency. Paraffin wax was first produced by Karl Reichenbach in Germany in 1830. This material is also called paraffin candle . Paraffin candles are odorless, white, and bluish. Paraffi...

  2-Ethylhexanol 2-Ethylhexanol is a flammable liquid, which in contact with a strong oxidizer may cause a fire. The appearance of this compound is a clear, colorless liquid from the alcohol family, which is almost insoluble in water but dissolves well in most aqueous solvents. What is 2-Ethylhexanol? It is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol, which is widely used in many applications such as solvents, flavorings, and aromatics, and especially as a precursor in the production of other chemicals such as emollients. This substance is insoluble in water and has a lower density than water. Although isooctanol (and the derivative isoxyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC nomenclature conventions dictate that this name properly refers to another isomer of octanol, 6-methyl heptane- 1- Apply first. Table of technical specifications of 2-Ethylhexanol Product Name 2-Ethylhexanol The chemical formula of 2-Ethylhexanol C 8 H 18 O A...

  Cetostearyl Alcohol Cetostearyl Alcohol , stearyl alcohol , or cetylstearyl alcohol , is a mixture of fatty alcohols, consisting mostly of acetyl (16°C) and stearyl (18°C) alcohols, and is classified as a fatty alcohol . The source of cetostearyl alcohol is natural products such as vegetables and synthetic chemical compounds. This material is used as an emulsion stabilizer, matting agent and surfactant, foam enhancer, and also as an aqueous and non-aqueous viscosity-increasing agent. This fatty alcohol contains 10-35% cetyl alcohol and 65-90% stearyl alcohol as well as some long or short-chain alcohols. This compound is insoluble in water, but it is soluble in polar solvents, alcohol, and petroleum substances, and it is incompatible with strong oxidizers and metal salts. Table of technical specifications of cetostearyl alcohol Chemical formula of cetostearyl alcohol   n C34H72O2 = variable, typically 14-16   Melting point   48°C – 56°C Boiling point   249°C D...

  Liquid Paraffin Liquid Paraffin Wax is a milky liquid composition and is used for washing powder, synthetic detergents, synthetic petroleum proteins, emulsifier pesticides, etc. In the liquid paraffin industry , it is considered a subcategory of lubricants, because it is a type of liquid oil . In fact, this chemical is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons . What is liquid paraffin? Refined and very pure paraffin is called liquid paraffin or white oil or kerosene . This material is white or transparent in appearance. The boiling point of this substance is 175 degrees Celsius and its evaporation point is 265 degrees Celsius. Sanitary paraffin , which is used in pharmaceuticals to make ointments and creams, is also called pharmaceutical-grade liquid paraffin . This paraffin is a very pure mineral oil that is used in the production of various cosmetics and also for medical purposes. Production of liquid paraffin Liquid paraffin is obtained from the distillation of petroleum derivati...

  2-butoxyethanol - Butyl glycol Butyl glycol is known as BG , 2-butoxyethanol , glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether . It is a glycol ether with moderate surfactant properties, which can be used as a solvent. In fact, butyl glycol is a natural alcohol that is extracted from petroleum . This compound is a colorless, water-soluble liquid that has a sweet, ether-like odor because it comes from the glycol ether family, and is an ether butyrate of ethylene glycol. What is 2-butoxyethanol? Since their use in the 1930s, glycol ethers are solvents that dissolve both water-soluble and hydrophobic materials. Glycol ethers consist of two components, alcohol, and ether. According to the nature of alcohol, molecules of this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series, which correspond to ethylene and propylene, respectively. Glycol ethers are chosen for specific purposes such as solubility, flammability, and volatility. 2- Butoxyethanol is miscible ...

  Paraffin Oil Abraham Gessner, a Canadian geologist, first distilled kerosene from coal in 1846. Kerosene , also called paraffin or paraffin oil , is a flammable and clear liquid that is distilled from oil. It is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and is less volatile than gasoline. Paraffin oil is not the same as liquid paraffin . Paraffin oil is a yellow or clear colorless liquid, often known as mineral oil. This substance is colorless and odorless and is obtained from the distillation of crude oil . Paraffin oil is divided into two types, light and general, which have a low viscosity ratio of light mineral oil. Paraffin oil does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental protection. This product is marketed in pharmaceutical or health, food or edible and industrial grades and has various uses. Industrial-grade paraffin oil does not pollute the environment. This product is marketed in the pharmaceutical, food, rubber, and plastic industries, cosmetics, and health...

  o-Xylene and m-Xylene o-Xylene ( Ortho-Xylene ) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4 (CH3) 2, which is mainly extracted from crude oil . Ortho-Xylene is the same xylene with methyl groups in its 1 and 2 positions. Xylene is a colorless and flammable liquid with a sweet smell that exists in the form of 3 isomers of Meta , Ortho , and Para-Xylene . o-Xylene is the second functional isomer of xylene used to make PVC plastic . Industrial xylene is not only used as a solvent and additive in the rubber and coatings industry, but also as an additive in aviation fuel. The Ortho , Meta , and Para-Xylene isomers isolated from this compound are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalate acid, respectively. Phthalic acid and terephthalic acid are used in the production of plastics, polyester resins, and polyester fibers. Petroleum contains about 1% xylene , and most Ortho-Xylene is produced by petroleum cracking . The net production of this material in 2019 was ...

  Texapon N70 - Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) Texapon N70 is a sodium laureate sulfate commonly used in medium to high viscosity clear pearlescent products and detergent products. Texapon is a highly active ether sulfate produced from a medium fatty alcohol containing an average of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with maximum control of unwanted byproducts, including odor-causing products. What is Texapon N70? Texapon N70 is a highly concentrated sodium lauryl ether sulfate derived from natural fatty alcohols. Texapon is particularly suitable for highly concentrated end products or when raw materials with a lower water content are required due to the high leaching content of the active ingredient. In this way, the viscosity of diluted texapon solutions with approximately 5 to 28% washing active ingredient can be easily increased to the desired amount. Its other anions include sodium laurate sulfate and sodium myrate sulfate . SLES or Texapon N70 acts as a foaming, cleansin...

  Sulfamic acid This substance is a strong acid known by names such as sulfamidic acid , amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid. Sulfamic acid has the ability to form sulfamate salt. In terms of appearance, it is a crystalline white powder with fine and shiny particles and has the chemical formula ( H3NSO3 ). This substance is completely soluble in water. The melting point of sulfamic acid is 205 degrees Celsius. This material is an almost strong acid with a molecular weight of 97.10 g/mol. This material is non-toxic, non-volatile and odorless and is not considered as a dangerous compound. It actually looks like wet snow. Sulfamic acid technical specification table Product Name Sulfamic acid Molecular formula H3NSO3 Molar mass 97.10 g/mol Density 2.15 g/cm3 Melting point 205 °C Solubility Soluble in water and alcohols, acetone and nitrogen-based substances Structure of sulfamic acid In terms of chemical structure, sulfamic acid is an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid ...

  Paraxylene Paraxylene is a clear liquid with a sweet smell that has irritating vapors. The density of this substance is less than water and it is insoluble in water. Paraxylene is used to make plastic bottles and polyester fibers. Paraxylene or para-xylene or p-xylene , abbreviated as PX , is an aromatic hydrocarbon derived from benzene. Paraxylene is toxic and flammable at room temperature. This substance is naturally present in gasoline and coal. This compound has the largest volume of xylene isomers and 98% of it is used in polyester production, especially for the production of fibers, film, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Currently, the paraxylene supply market is witnessing significant growth with the increase in the consumption of pure acid terephthalate (PTA). The paraxylene market has experienced strong growth with the increase in the use of PTA in the manufacture of polyester. Demand for DMT is slowly declining as polyester producers prefer the economical ...

  Texapon Texapon is a white or yellow semi-transparent paste with a mild odor, which is sodium lauryl ether sulfate . It has good foaming properties, but the foam is light and not creamy. It is part of cosmetic and medicinal raw materials. This product is supplied in 110-200 kg barrels and exported in bulk. What is Texapon? Texapon is used in detergents to create foam and bubbles. Texapon acts as a basic surfactant and easily thickens with salt. This stable compound is derived from natural fatty alcohols that have a high molecular weight and waxy content. In fact, in general, there are four types of anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, where Texapon is an anionic surfactant with excellent performance and no color. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) has excellent detergent, emulsification and plasticity properties. Texapon , sodium lauryl ether sulfate ( SLES N70 ) is a colorless or light yellow viscous paste liquid that is odorless and easily soluble in ...

  Polypropylene Polypropylene , abbreviated as PP , is a thermoplastic composite polymer made from a combination of propylene monomers. This product has different types and depending on its application, it is produced in different grades such as raffia, medical, etc. In the following text, the necessary information for the preparation of the product, as well as additional information about the production method, types, different applications, etc., are mentioned. What is polypropylene? Polypropylene is the second most widely used thermoplastic from the polyolefin family . PP is a versatile material that integrates properties such as lightness, strength, high heat resistance, rigidity, and flexibility. Polypropylene is molecularly a linear hydrocarbon resin whose chemical formula is C3H6 . Production and polymerization methods Polypropylene is generally produced from propylene using the Ziegler-Natta polymerization method or metallocene catalysis. Polypropylene production s...

  Oleic Acid Oleic Acid is a fatty acid that is naturally present in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. This acid is an odorless and colorless oil, but commercial samples are yellowish or brown. What is oleic acid? Chemically, oleic acid is classified as an unsaturated fatty acid . The name oleic is derived from the Latin word oleum meaning oil. Oleic acid is the most common fatty acid in nature. Oleic acid salts and esters are called oleate . Oleic acid is the most common unsaturated fatty acid in nature. Fatty acids (or their salts) are often absent in biological systems as such. Instead, fatty acids such as oleic acid exist as their esters, usually triglycerides, which are the fatty substances of many natural oils. This substance is found in fats (triglycerides), membrane-forming phospholipids, cholesterol esters and wax esters. Oleic acid is the most common omega-9 fatty acid and the most common unsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty...

  Poly Aluminum Chloride Poly aluminum chloride is introduced in the consumer market with the industrial name of Poly Aluminum Chloride . Other names of PAC include basic aluminum chloride, polybasic aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxychloride, and aluminum chlorohydrate . This product, abbreviated as PAC , is a widely used coagulant; which is widely used instead of two old coagulants, aluminum sulfate and chloroauric and it causes flocculation, reduction of TDS of water, clarification, removal of turbidity and instability of colloids. In terms of appearance, the PAC has 2 types: solid and liquid, which is solid poly aluminum chloride in the form of powder or crystal. According to its production grades, it is produced and marketed in two colors, from milky white to bright yellow. Liquid poly aluminum chloride is produced in light yellow to reddish yellow color and can be edible or industrial. The pack is produced with 3 types of purity: 9%, 18%, and 30%. What i...

  Linear Low Density Polyethylene Polyethylene granules are one of the most popular thermoplastic materials and the most widely used materials in many plastic product manufacturing industries today. Polyethylene is used in producing films, water, sewage pipes, plastic parts, and various sectors such as packaging, automobile manufacturing, electricity, etc . Linear Low Density Polyethylene is a type of light polyethylene, a semi-hard and semi-transparent polymer used in various industries and the production of multiple products due to its features and functional properties. From a chemical formula point of view, it’s known as LLDP 22B02 .  In the following, you will get to know more about its features and specifications. Characteristics of Linear Low Density Polyethylene This type of transparent light polyethylene has features such as flexibility, chemical resistance, and waterproofing, which is an essential characteristic of LLDP 22B02 . Attributes Amounts Tensile str...

  Formic Acid Formic acid , ant essence or systematically methanoic acid , is the simplest carboxylic acid and has the chemical formula HCOOH . This substance is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and is produced naturally. The word “ formic ” is derived from the Latin word for ant, formica, which indicates the distillation of the ant’s body. The ester, salt and anion of formic acid is called formate. Industrially, formic acid is produced from methanol . History of formic acid Some alchemists and naturalists knew that anthills gave off acid fumes as early as the 15th century. The first person to describe the isolation of this substance (by distillation of large numbers of ants) was the English naturalist John Ray in 1671. Ants secrete formic acid for attack and defense purposes. Formic acid was first made by the French chemist Joseph Guy Lussac from hydrocyanic acid . In 1855, another French chemist, Marcelin Bertrelot, produced formic acid by synthesizing carbon ...

  Masterbatch In the plastic product manufacturing industry , various additives are used to improve the properties of the final product, one of the most widely used of which is masterbatch filler . Due to the presence of minerals in its structure, this masterbatch creates unique characteristics in products, and along with increasing the quality of the product, it reduces its cost. In this article, we will introduce you to this widely used additive and examine its benefits in the plastic industry. What is a filler masterbatch? Masterbatch filler is an additive based on PE, PP, and PS, consisting of 20-80% of minerals. The presence of minerals in the filler masterbatch makes the final product acquire unique characteristics and increases its quality when combined with the plastic product . Adding masterbatches to plastic products can create properties such as stability and heat stability, high resistance, high hardness, etc. Using this masterbatch is an effective solution to imp...

Polyvinyl Chloride – PVC Polyvinyl chloride , or PVC , is a universal polymer with many applications (pipes, floor coverings, cable insulation, bottles, packaging foils, medical products, etc.). The reason for the widespread use of this polymer is its low cost, suitable physical and chemical properties, and good resistance to environmental conditions. In the following, we will discuss the properties, structure, production method, burning, applications, and other things about this polymer. What is polyvinyl chloride? Polyvinyl chloride , or PVC , is a thermoplastic polymer with strength, stiffness, and good resistance to corrosion and chemicals. This product is initially produced as a white powder, and additional processes are performed based on the type of use expected from it. For example, in cases where flexibility is needed, a plasticizer should be added to it. It is a fragile white compound produced in two complex and flexible types during production in its pure state and without ...

  Bitumen The term bitumen refers to a viscous, non-crystalline, black or dark brown substance that can be dissolved in organic solutions, such as toluene and carbon disulfide, and has adhesive and waterproof properties. This substance is generally composed of hydrocarbons, which usually contain 80% carbon and 15% hydrogen. Other residues in this viscous material include oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and various metals. Bitumen can be obtained from various sources and occurs naturally. The amount of this material in crude oil may vary, but the more normal range is between 25% and 40%, while the usual range is 15% to 80%. Broad classification for crude oils Bitumen base Paraffin base Bitumen and paraffin base Depending on the type of crude oil , bitumen exists either as a colloidal dispersion or in a solid state. During the refinement process, the oil-to-particle ratio changes as petroleum oils are removed by distillation. Instead of these particles being scattered and relatively f...

  Polyamide Polyamide , commonly known as nylon, is a thermoplastic polymer introduced to the industry in the mid-1930s by DuPont engineers. Since then, polyamide has been a suitable material in most industries, such as automobile manufacturing, the food industry, sports equipment, the carpet industry, and most importantly, the textile and clothing industry. Polyamides are usually converted into fibers to be used. If you are willing to get familiar with the types of simple polyamide available in the industry, their characteristics, and their use, this article will help you. What is polyamide? Simple polyamide is a polymer that includes amide groups (R-CO-NH-R) as an essential part of the polymer chain. These amide groups keep repeating. A simple polyamide with a high molecular weight is usually called nylon. Simple polyamide is a crystalline polymer formed from the combination of a diacid and a diamine. In the mixture of these two monomers, the linking of molecules takes pl...

  Granular sulfur Granular sulfur fertilizer is one of the best-selling types of agricultural fertilizers , which has the right percentage of sulfur and is very effective for plants; like other phosphate fertilizers , the way to use this fertilizer is before planting. The use of fertilizers in the agricultural industry has been of great interest today. In addition to suitable soil, light, and water conditions, the trees also need the use of fertilizers for proper and excellent fruiting. One of the most suitable fertilizers for strengthening the soil of trees and plants is granular sulfur fertilizer , which has the highest sulfur content of 58%. One of the most important and widely used elements in plants is the use of sulfur, which is of great importance for plant growth. Sulfur can be prepared as fertilizer in all kinds of agricultural fertilizers, which is used according to the needs of plants and trees. In addition to controlling some fungal pathogens such as powdery mildew...

  Lubecut Lubecut is one of the derivatives of crude oil and is one of the cuts of the distillation tower of oil refineries . Lubecut has two types, heavy and light, each used in the oil industry . According to experts, only a good lubricant (oil, grease, etc.) can guarantee the optimal operation of machine equipment. About 55% of premature equipment failures are due to inappropriate lubricants in the industry. Lubricants are substances used to reduce friction and prevent the wear of moving metal parts in contact with each other. This article will discuss lube cuts , the main component, and raw materials for motor oil production . What is a lube cut? lubecut is the main component and raw material for producing motor oil , which makes up about 85-95% of it. Usually, by refining crude oil , only a few percent of hydrocarbon materials with atomic numbers between 20 and 50 are obtained, which are suitable for use as lubricants . It is one of the oil cuts (products) called oil c...

  Benzalkonium Chloride Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant that is considered a non-oxidative biocide. This biocide is based on quaternary ammonium compounds, which are effective even in low concentrations. This biocide is soluble in water and is effective in preventing the activity of some vital bacterial enzymes (enzymes involved in glycolysis respiration), as well as releasing the contents of the bacteria into the environment. By increasing the contact time and concentration of the biocide, compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus in the bacterial cell enter the surrounding environment, and thus the bacteria are destroyed. This material has the property of dispersing, spreading, and destroying sludge and algae. Using this biocide may cause foaming. In order to make this biocide more effective, it is recommended to use it together with non-oxidizing isothiazolinone biocide. This biocide can be used in all open or closed-circuit cooling and cooling systems...